If you please, draw me a third place...
To note the recurrence of this expectation in competition programs for public buildings, it is time to open the debate. In 2014, the team Chevalier Morales and DMA architects won the jury over after arguing the search for a unique, iconic, and emblematic architecture, but especially the search for a
"third place". Through this equivocal concept, the Drummondville library competition questions the need for a new definition of the contemporary library itself.
Created in 1989 by Ray Oldenburg, the term
"third place" refers to spaces that differ from housing or workplace and fosters important social and civic roles. They are characterized by several points, some of which seem just as much of a contradiction to the very essence of a library - the storage and reading of books - as to the ambitions that fed the jury of the competition in Drummondville - a signal-architecture likely to become the symbol of the city that welcomes it. Indeed, according to Oldenburg, the third places would be spaces treated with
sobriety and simplicity, especially inside, in which
the conversation would be the main activity. We now understand the difficulty the 4 finalist teams faced when presented with perfectly antinomic objectives.
A $ 15.5M envelope was planned to allow the institution to settle on a site located between the train station and the Drummondville Town Hall, connected by a narrow strip to one of the main shopping streets of the city. The program prescribed a
"21st century" library which would live alongside the Drummond History Society and the Arts, Culture and Immigration Department within the future building. Defined as a catalyst for the cultural and socioeconomic development of the city, this
"third place" was supposed to facilitate the
"convergence of the Drummondvillois".
To address this issue of urban convergence, the team Menkes Shooner Dagenais LeTourneux Architects proposed a multipurpose public square called the
"unifying plate" on which the building would sit as
"a pavilion in the heart of a civic pole". In doing so, the library is conceived as an intimate and peaceful setting, a place of reflection and contemplation. The architects mention the famous
"third place" but they relate it to the empathy that the building would generate among its users through the creation of a project resolutely focused on the introspection of individuals. By imagining a collection of spaces dedicated to reading (each with its own atmosphere), the team defends a rather classic vision of the library consistent with the sobriety of the proposal that the jury will describe as
"conventional", regretting the lack of a distinctive architectural gesture.
On the other hand, the project of Atelier TAG and Jodoin Lamarre Pratte architects was able to conquer the jury thanks to its "superb" entrance and the
"remarkable" screenprinted concrete of its forecourt. Although certain reservations were expressed regarding the weather resistance of the veil which brings together the different elements of the program onto the roof, it has nonetheless been described as
"spectacular". These numerous superlatives betray the search for an object, a symbolic architecture on the part of the jury members in the different projects. Despite this formal enthusiasm and the remarkable qualities of its internal organization, the project appeared confused in its choices of urban settlement. This aspect, without being explicitly mentioned in the program issued to the candidates, was carefully considered in each of the proposals.
Lemay + LAB's proposal stood out on the urban plan by using the narrow strip to offer an entrance to the building via the shopping street. Hailed by the jury, this bold layout required a lengthy linear deployment of the building resulting in a number of internal complications which ultimately harmed the project. Moreover, the volume of glass overlooking the site was appreciated for its architectural treatment, even if its distance from the traffic routes has disappointed a jury that would have liked to combine its qualities of a signal-signal with the presence of the entrance on the street in order to make the building an urban landmark in Drummondville. Another particularity was the increased attention paid to the locality of the project through the desire to integrate the community and the explicit references to the former textile industries of the region.
The winning team, Chevalier Morales and DMA was also praised for the many references to the history of the city both through the resolutely industrial materiality of the envelope, and the urban, environmental and landscape approach which pays homage to the
"jardin des voltigeurs". In addition to the staging of the institution from the urban scale to the interior of the building, it's thanks to an original response to the concept of
"third place" that won them the competition. Outside, the urban strategy is based on a network of
"civic places", which can expand as the city acquires property, and which connects the site to its context, including the main street. A remarkable architectural expression makes the project "iconic" in the words of the jury by reaffirming its specific character in Drummondville. Inside, the concept is formalized by a monumental staircase / café, the nerve center of the
"third place" as defined by Oldenburg. Although this architectural object poses several problems of circulation and functionality of the place (as a library), its distinctive sculptural character still underlined the emblematic trait visibly sought after by the jury who defended the project against certain reservations expressed by the technical committee.
In 2018, the public library seems to have become the symbolic program of the "third place" despite the obvious contradiction between conversing and reading at the same time. Solving this paradox implies considering the new mission of libraries at the turn of the 1980s namely: the storage and lending of audiovisual and digital content whose on-site consultation is difficult or impossible. From then on, it will be understood that the library will gradually give up its classic role as a temple of knowledge, peaceful and conducive to study, to get closer to an etymological role that it has never only had:
"biblio- thḗkē", ("place of deposit for books": a place where we just borrow documents, whether they support digital data or not). This new library or "media library" can then admit several other programs including that of the famous
"third place" which preserves and enriches the political and symbolic function that has always characterized this kind of building since the great ancient libraries, allegory of the power of the cities that built them. From a simple deposit, the library would be destined to become the forum of the contemporary city.
The Drummondville competition shows us once again that this typological mutation can now make the library the urban banner of a cultural and institutional commitment, as well as a
"third place" of public convergence. However, this concept remains ambiguous. In the eponymous work of Antoine de Saint Exupéry (1947), the Little Prince asks three times for "the aviator" to draw a sheep before being satisfied by the design of a box with holes that lets him imagine what he wants. The
"third place" is a conceptual box of the same kind that conceals the specific expectations of the promoters to architects who must yet blindly propose a project that conforms to it. The architecture must reveal the concept, thus lifting the box.
(Translated by Maxime Leblanc)
The needs of the Drummondvillois were recognized and it is in 2016 that they will finally see their new library. The City of Drummondville, has undertaken for several years various studies leading to the preparation of the construction of a new library on its territory. With the obtention of the grant announced by the Ministry of Culture and of Communications last February, this major project is now taking a turn determining towards its realization.
This architectural competition represents one of the most important phases in the the planning of this municipal building. It follows the completion of several studies including a detailed program of needs, the establishment of objectives, a estimation of project costs as well as studies on the site itself. All of these data are presented in the competition documents.
By holding this contest, the Promoter wishes to benefit from the creativity of the Quebec's architects to develop a concept that meets its expectations, be: a third place energizing this sector of the city, a library of the 21st century accessible and geared to new technologies, a high-quality building that will become a point of convergence for all Drummondville residents. Services that will be offered will support economic, cultural and social development. The concepts presented will support this role of the new municipal library.
Thus, the Candidate, at the first stage of the competition, will have to demonstrate his ability to understand the issues and express them through original conceptual approaches. Applicant's experience specifically in library making will not be necessarily an asset in the evaluation of the Candidature Files. The candidates will have to convince the members of the Jury that the designer has the required qualifications to meet the challenge and that their conceptual approach meets the objectives of the Promoter.
The project is located on Lindsay Street between Des Forges Street and the railway line. This site will also host an ice rink and its service building. Works of decontamination of the site are already complete. The projected area of the new building is 4,885 square meters. Of this area, the library will occupy 4,048 meters Square, while the Drummond History Society and the Arts, Culture and immigration will occupy 667 square meters. The remaining 170 square meters will be dedicated the development of a café and a terrace.
The design and construction of the building will need to achieve LEED certification of basic or higher level while respecting the budgetary objective.
The construction budget is $ 15,500,000 before taxes. The Promoter as well as its financial partner, the MCC, attach great importance to the respect of this budget. In this regard, all Applicants will have to demonstrate their ability to meet this requirement.
(From competition brief)
After the presentations, the jury members gave their assessment of the interview, in the absence of the finalists. The following comments were made:
Presentation by Atelier TAG / JLP:
- This finalist was clearly very pleased with his participation in the 2nd stage of the competition.
- Manon Asselin's portion of the presentation was very clear and structured.
- The introduction to the topic of the 21st century library was appreciated.
- The jury had the impression that they did not have all the information they needed because of a lack of time in the second part of the presentation.
- Teamwork was well perceived in the presentation but was less felt in the interview.
- The concern for customers is well expressed.
- The different moods contained in this project were well explained and supported by appropriate perspectives.
- The answers to the jury's questions were satisfactory with the exception of the ice rink facilities. Also, the answers to the questions regarding the performance of the unifying sail in winter conditions left the jury members perplexed.
Lemay Presentation:
- Eric Pelletier gave a rather informal but very interesting and convincing presentation. The light shed on several aspects allowed for a better appreciation of the project.
- The presenter has a good grasp of the entire project. Although he alluded to the work of his team, the jury members wondered why the designer went to the interview alone.
- The jury noted the designer's sensitivity to the integration of the community into the project.
- The contextualization of the user experience in each of the spaces was appreciated.
- The jury members noted the finalist's willingness to collaborate and establish a dialogue with the developer for the further development of the project.
Presentation by Menkès Shooner Dagenais Letourneux:
- The jury noted a great synergy of the four presenters. The teamwork was well felt.
- The members of the jury appreciated the clarification provided by Yves Dagenais, emphasizing that the City will be assured of the personal involvement of each of them until the inauguration of the library.
- The explanations on the unifying plaque greatly deserved to be heard by the jury members in order to share the enthusiasm of the designer, Jean-Pierre Letourneux.
- The finalist expressed his openness to develop the project in collaboration with the developer,
- Cost control was addressed with confidence and clarity.
- The jury was rather dissatisfied with the response provided regarding the lack of an interior garden.
Chevalier Morales + DMA Presentation:
- The presentation is well structured and the project is explained in a clear summary of the approach.
- The four presenters reflect a good complementarity in their respective design, technical, and cost and schedule control components.
- The explanation of the project's construction by lots is appreciated and demonstrates an understanding of the City's budgetary concerns.
- The jury would have liked to see a context for the user upon entering the building.
Before comparing the projects, the jury members raised the following points about each of the four submissions.
(Consult the competitors' projects for specific comments from the jury)
Designation of the winner
After exchanging comments on the four proposals, it was proposed and unanimously accepted to reject Lemay + LAB's project due to the following points
- Significant deficiencies in the internal workings;
- The glass section of the building (reminiscent of the textile industry and the most interesting part of the project) is located in the back lot and therefore
The glass section of the building (reminiscent of the textile industry and the most interesting part of the project) being located in the back lot and therefore not very visible from either street;
- The unattractive architectural treatment of the section facing Lindsay Street;
- The lack of flexibility of a building divided into two distinct parts;
- The positioning of the café completely detached from the spaces used by library users
library users;
- The issue of easement for the delivery area.
Discussions continued with the TAG+JLP, CM+DMA and MSDL projects. The jury recognized MSDL as the project that best met the program requirements. However, this is only one of eleven criteria evaluated. It is qualified as the least innovative of the four projects submitted. Very functional and very wise. The jury sets it aside because of a great deal of skepticism expressed about the actual functioning of its unifying plate, an inseparable element of the whole concept. In addition, the other two projects proposed concepts that were much more significant for the City.
Subsequent discussions continued with the TAG+JLP and CM+DMA projects. However, despite the great qualities of this project, a major concern persists regarding the proposed metal veil. The finalist did not convince the jury that this innovative installation would be safe for users due to the climate. In addition, the maintenance aspect and access to this element leaves questions unanswered that are reassuring to the jury members. The jury does not wish to recommend to the City a project that may require additional investment in the future either to correct an element that is not designed for our climate or for the additional maintenance that such a structure would require. TAG+JLP's proposal was therefore eliminated from the process for this main reason.
The jury again considered MSDL's proposal and proceeded to compare it with the CM+DMA proposal. MSDL proposes a building that works well but a parking lot (or unifying plate) that raises many questions and cannot work without the purchase of the adjacent lot. It proposes articulated facades, but the interior architectural treatment does not evoke any particular emotion.
On the other hand, the main negative element of CM+DMA's project lies in its interior functioning. However, this iconic project for the city meets the developer's expectations for a dynamic third place, a place of convergence for Drummondville residents.
A majority of the jury members voted to recommend the Chevalier Morales + DMA architects consortium project to the City as the winning project. The qualities of this project were recognized by the jury, including the following
- The research carried out leading to a conceptual approach integrating the historical and contextual characteristics of Drummondville;
- The quality of the urban insertion and the optimization of the site;
- The strength of the architectural expression and its formalization;
- The architectural design, both exterior and interior, which favours social and cultural exchanges;
- The fluidity of circulation on the site;
- The integration of the skating rink as a complementary element to the overall project.
The members of the jury have all signed the nomination of the winner and recommend the consortium: Chevalier Morales + DMA architects in consortium, as the winner.
Recommendations of the jury
For the benefit of future developments, the jury makes the following recommendations to improve the proposal:
- Validate the adequacy of the proposed surface area in relation to the projected collection, and optimize the spaces if necessary,
- Propose control solutions for the two main entrances,
- Minimize the impact of visual obstructions on the two levels.
- Demonstrate the area of expansion in the future for the Drummondville Historical Society.
- Simplify the proposed control of areas with different hours of operation,
- Ensure universal access for the Drummondville Historical Society and the Arts, Culture and Immigration Department outside of library hours,
- Validate the exact location of the skating rink with those responsible for this separate project,
- Controlling the food supply of the café to minimize technical constraints due to its central location.
(From jury report)
(Unofficial automated translation)
| Jury president |
Francine Ruest-Jutras, Ex-mairesse
|
| Jury | Annick Bellavance, Conseillère Municipale |
| | Jacques Cossette, Architecte |
| | Michel Faucher, Architecte |
| | Maisonneuve Marianne, Architecte |
| | Francine Ruest-Jutras, Ex-mairesse |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| Technical Commitee | Francis Adam |
| | Julle Bourque |
| | Pierre Daniel |
| | Martin Dubé |
| | Louis Réjean Gagné |
| | Yves Grondin |
| | Denis Jauron |
| | Roger Leblanc |
| | Jean-Pierre Levasseur |
| | Sylvain Rioux |
| | Jean-Patrick Talbot |
| | Jean-Guy Théorêt |
Publications call for applications: June 23, 2014
End of Question Period: July 16, 2014
Last answers to questions: July 18, 2014
Submission of Candidature Files: August 15, 2014
Jury and Selection of Finalists: August 28, 2014
Disclosure of Finalists: September 9, 2014
Diffusion of results: September 9, 2014
Signature of the mandates to the Finalists: September 12, 2014
Start Finalists' performances: September 12, 2014
Site Visit / Meeting Promoter Finalists: September 12, 2014
Beginning of Question Period: September 12, 2014
End of Question Period: October 8, 2014
Last answers to questions: October 10, 2014
Deposit of performances: November 11, 2014
Technical Committee: November 25, 2014
Finalist Interviews: December 3, 2014
Jury proceedings and selection of the winner: December 4, 2014
Disclosure of the winner: December 15, 2014
Diffusion of results: December 16, 2014
(From competition brief)
(Unofficial automated translation)
La nouvelle bibliothèque municipale de Drummondville officiellement inaugurée, Radio-Canada.ca, 2017
Concours pour la bibliothèque de Drummondville
FINALISTES - Ville de Drummondville - "Concours pour la nouvelle bibliothèque", Kollectif, 2014
"Lauréats du concours d'architecture pour la nouvelle bibliothèque de Drummondville", Kollectif, 2015
Rochette, Yannick, Nouvelle bibliothèque à Drummondville : Ouverture en août ?, 2017
Concours d'architecture de la bibliothèque de Drummondville : les 4 finalistes, Portail Constructo, 2014
Objectif LEED pour la nouvelle bibliothèque de Drummondville, Voirvert.ca, 2016
Poisson, Yannick, Une bibliothèque de 20,7M$ pour Drummondville, La Tribune, 2015
Future bibliothèque municipale de Drummondville
Bibliothèque Municipale Drummondville 2017 / Édifice Francine-Ruest-Jutras
Une nouvelle bibliothèque publique à Drummondville, Portail Constructo, 2017
Le jour J pour la Bibliothèque publique, L'Express, 2017
ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone Société-, Une nouvelle bibliothèque écoénergétique à Drummondville, Radio-Canada.ca, 2017
Édifice Francine-Ruest-Jutras et Bibliothèque publique de Drummondville : le maire Alexandre Cusson et le ministre Luc Fortin procèdent à l’inauguration, Ville de Drummondville, 2017
Ville Drummondville, Inauguration et portes ouvertes de l'édifice Francine-Ruest-Jutras
La nouvelle bibliothèque ouvrira le 18 août, L'Express, 2017
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